As with word error rate, a score of zero indicates perfect performance and higher scores which may exceed indicate poorer performance. For more details, consult section 6. The Jaccard index is a similarity measure typically used to evaluate the output of image segmentation systems and is defined as the ratio between the intersection and union of two segmentations. To compute Jaccard error rate, an optimal mapping between reference and system speakers is determined and for each pair the Jaccard index of their segmentations is computed.
The Jaccard error rate is then 1 minus the average of these scores. More concretely, assume we have N reference speakers and M system speakers. An optimal mapping between speakers is determined using the Hungarian algorithm so that each reference speaker is paired with at most one system speaker and each system speaker with at most one reference speaker.
The Jaccard error rate then is the average of the speaker specific Jaccard error rates. Where it tends to track DER is in outliers where the diarization is especially bad, resulting in one or more unmapped system speakers whose speech is not then penalized.
A third approach to system evaluation is convert both the reference and system outputs to frame-level labels, then evaluate using one of many well-known approaches for evaluating clustering performance. Each recording is converted to a sequence of 10 ms frames, each of which is assigned a single label corresponding to one of the following cases:. Goodman-Kruskal tau is an asymmetric association measure dating back to work by Leo Goodman and William Kruskal in the s Goodman and Kruskal, For a reference labeling ref and a system labeling sys , GKT ref, sys corresponds to the fraction of variability in sys that can be explained by ref.
Consequently, GKT ref, sys is 1 when ref is perfectly predictive of sys and 0 when it is not predictive at all. Correspondingly, GKT sys, ref is 1 when sys is perfectly predictive of ref and 0 when lacking any predictive power. The B-cubed precision for a single frame assigned speaker S in the reference diarization and C in the system diarization is the proportion of frames assigned C that are also assigned S.
Similarly, the B-cubed recall for a frame is the proportion of all frames assigned S that are also assigned C. The overall precision and recall, then, are just the mean of the frame-level precision and recall measures and the overall F-1 their harmonic mean. For additional details see Bagga and Baldwin H ref sys is the number of bits needed to describe the reference labeling given that the system labeling is known and ranges from 0 in the case that the system labeling is perfectly predictive of the reference labeling to H ref in the case that the system labeling is not at all predictive of the reference labeling.
Similarly, H sys ref measure the number of bits required to describe the system labeling given the reference labeling and ranges from 0 to H sys. MI is the number of bits shared by the reference and system labeling and indicates the degree to which knowing either reduces uncertainty in the other.
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